The Eye and Skull Development

The development of the eye is intrinsically linked to the formation of the skull, a process that begins with primitive cephalic flexion. This phenomenon leads to the compression of the sub-mesencephalic mesenchyme between the anterior and posterior parts of the cerebral vesicle, causing a transformation of the mesenchyme into cartilaginous tissue. This transformation is essential for establishing the base of the skull, where key structures such as the ethmoid, the body of the sphenoid, and the basilar part of the occipital bone form. The wings of the sphenoid play a fundamental role as a support point for the eye, ensuring its stability while allowing bone tissue to develop in response to the growth of the brain.

The interconnection between the eye and the skull is crucial, as a slight shock can disturb the orbit and affect visual reflection. Cephalic growth, which brings the eyes closer to the midline, is marked by significant events such as the formation of the palate and the closure of the palatine. These processes coincide with the alignment of the eye in its vertical and horizontal axes, highlighting the importance of cranial stability for visual development. The study of cranial sutures also reveals distinct spirals, illustrating the complexity of orbital structure and the dynamics of ocular orientation.