The Brain: The Ventricles

The ventricular system of the brain, essential for its development, consists of several interconnected structures. This system is formed from three initial vesicles, which evolve to give rise to the lateral ventricles, the third, and the fourth ventricle. The process of telencephalization is crucial, as it allows the expansion and formation of the ventricles, while integrating dynamic movements such as ascensus and hemispherization. These movements are accompanied by the circulation of cerebrospinal fluid, which plays a fundamental role in brain development.

The closure of the neuro-ports, which occurs between the 26th and 28th day of development, is a key moment that triggers the lateral expansion of the prosencephalon. The latter, at the origin of the third ventricle, is also linked to the formation of the eyes, which are nervous expansions of this structure. The choroid plexuses, present in each ventricle, are responsible for the production of this fluid, while the Pacchionian granulations ensure its resorption. The interaction between these elements and developmental movements, such as cephalic flexion and pontine curvature, are essential for understanding the complexity of brain formation and its implications for facial morphology and other embryonic structures.