37- Liver & Gallbladder Development

The development of the liver and gallbladder is a complex process rooted in an endodermal context. This development begins under the influence of the notochord, which plays a crucial role in the formation of the neural tube. Mesenchymal cells contribute to the formation of the pericardial and diaphragmatic sac, while the intestine divides into three segments: upper intestine, mid-intestine, and lower intestine. The junction between the upper and mid-intestine is essential for the emergence of the liver, where endodermal cells are decisive.

From a dynamic perspective, brain development is fundamental, as it induces a flexion movement of the embryo, supported by a developing cardiac structure. This movement generates congestion in the primitive vascular system, thus promoting liver formation. The latter develops as an expansion of the digestive tract, consisting of a network of bile ducts and playing a vital role in the exocrine system. Vascularization, including the vitelline and umbilical veins, is also crucial for its orientation and development. As a central fulcrum, the liver interacts with the pericardium, diaphragm, and other structures, establishing an essential synchronicity for embryological balance.